Ten Interesting Things About Lesotho

In a recent address to Congress, U.S. President Donald Trump referred to Lesotho as a country “nobody has ever heard of,” prompting surprise and disappointment from Lesotho’s government.

Contrary to this assertion, Lesotho is a nation rich in unique geographical features, cultural heritage, and historical significance. Here are ten remarkable facts about this African kingdom:

Mountainous Terrain:

Lesotho is the only country in the world that lies entirely above 1,000 meters (3,280 feet) in elevation. Over 80% of its land is situated above 1,800 meters (5,900 feet), earning it the nickname “Kingdom in the Sky.” The Maloti Mountains dominate its landscape, offering breathtaking views, unique biodiversity, and a climate distinct from neighboring regions. The high altitude also makes Lesotho the coldest country in Africa, with regular snowfall during winter.

Enclaved Nation:

Lesotho is one of only three enclaved countries globally, completely surrounded by South Africa. This geographic uniqueness has profound effects on its economy, trade, and culture. The landlocked nature of Lesotho necessitates reliance on South Africa for imports, exports, and access to seaports, making its political and economic ties with its neighbor particularly significant.

Matekane Air Strip:

Famous among thrill-seekers and pilots alike, the Matekane Air Strip is known for its 400-meter (1,312 feet) runway that ends dramatically at a 1,600-foot (488-meter) cliff. It is often ranked among the most dangerous airstrips globally due to its short length and mountainous surroundings, requiring exceptional piloting skills to navigate safely.

Sani Pass:

The Sani Pass is a notorious mountain pass connecting Lesotho and South Africa, known for its steep, narrow, and rocky path. Rising to an altitude of 2,876 meters (9,436 feet), it requires a 4×4 vehicle to traverse and offers spectacular views of the Drakensberg Mountains. It is a significant attraction for adventurers and is often described as one of the most challenging and thrilling mountain passes in the world.

Constitutional Monarchy:

Lesotho is one of Africa’s three remaining monarchies, alongside Morocco and Eswatini. King Letsie III has served as the ceremonial head of state since 1990. While the King’s role is largely symbolic, Lesotho’s political system is a mix of traditional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, reflecting a balance between modern governance and cultural heritage.

Unique Climate:

Lesotho’s high altitude gives it a temperate climate with four distinct seasons, unusual for an African nation. Summers are mild, and winters can be harsh with frequent snowfall, particularly in the highland regions. The cool climate supports unique flora and fauna and makes Lesotho a popular destination for skiing enthusiasts, with Afriski being one of the few ski resorts in Africa.

Biodiversity:

The diverse climate and elevations in Lesotho create habitats for a range of unique species, particularly in the Drakensberg-Maloti mountain range. This area is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot, home to rare bird species like the bearded vulture and diverse alpine plants. Conservation efforts are ongoing to preserve this unique ecological landscape.

Cultural Heritage:

The Basotho people of Lesotho have a rich cultural heritage symbolized by the Basotho blanket—traditional, brightly colored blankets worn as a part of daily life and during special ceremonies. The mokorotlo, a conical hat made from grass, is another national symbol. The Sotho language (Sesotho) and oral traditions, including poetry and folklore, play an essential role in preserving the nation’s identity.

Historical Significance:

Lesotho’s history is marked by resilience against colonial forces. Founded by King Moshoeshoe I in the early 19th century, Lesotho became a British protectorate in 1868 to escape the territorial expansion of the Boers. It gained independence in 1966, retaining a unique identity and governance system that distinguishes it from its neighbors.

Literacy and Education Initiatives:

Education in Lesotho is a significant success story, with free primary education introduced in 2000, leading to higher enrollment rates. The literacy rate in Lesotho is among the highest in Africa, exceeding 80%. Education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 13, and the focus on literacy has played a crucial role in empowering its youth and promoting sustainable development.