259 Saint Dionysius elected as Pope, succeeding Sixtus II
1099 First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of Jerusalem
1298 English defeat Scots at Battle of Falkirk
1306 King Phillip the Fair, orders expulsion of Jews out of France
1456 Battle at Nandorfehervar (Belgrade): Hungarian army under Janos Hunyadi beats Sultan Murad II
1484 Battle of Lochmaben Fair – a 500-man raiding party led by Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany and James Douglas, 9th Earl of Douglas are defeated by Scots forces loyal to Albany’s brother James III of Scotland; Douglas is captured
1489 “Tractate Niddah” a talmudic edition, 1st printed
1489 Treaty of Frankfurt signed between Maximilian of Austria and King Charles VIII of France
1515 First Congress of Vienna settles issues between Poland and Holy Roman Empire – rise of the Habsburgs influence
1535 Christians captured in Tunis in uprising against Admiral Barbarossa
1582 Willem of Orange moves from Antwerp to Delft
1587 2nd English colony forms on Roanoke Island off North Carolina
1632 Foundation laid in Madrid for Buen Retiro Palace for King Philip IV
1648 10,000 Jews of Polannoe murdered in Chmielnick massacre during Khmelnytsky Uprising
1686 City of Albany, NY chartered
1691 Battle at Aghrim: English/Dutch army beats France
1729 Diamonds found in Minas Geras, Brazil
1731 Spain signs Treaty of Vienna
1739 Ottoman Empire defeats Austria at Crocyka (Krotzka) in Serbia and then successfully lays siege to Belgrade
1793 Alexander Mackenzie reaches the Pacific Ocean, becoming the first Euro-American to complete a transcontinental crossing of Canada
1796 Cleveland, Ohio, founded by General Moses Cleaveland. Originally called ‘Cleaveland’, the public adopted the current name after a newspaper editor noticed the name was too long to fit on the page.
1812 Duke of Wellington defeats French at Battle of Salamanca, Spain
1835 Smolny Cathedral in Saint Petersburg, Russia is consecrated, originally commissioned by Elizabeth of Russia
1859 Underarm slow right arm bowler V E Walker takes 10-74 in 1st innings for an All-England Cricket XI v Surrey CCC at The Oval in London
1864 Battle of Atlanta: General Sherman’s Union side defeats Confederate troops under General Hood, with 8,449 Confederate and 3,641 US casualties
1865 Underarm slow right arm bowler V E Walker takes 10-104 in an innings for Middlesex v Lancashire in a county cricket match at Old Trafford, Manchester
1893 Katharine Lee Bates writes “America the Beautiful” in Colorado
1898 Crew of Belgium RV Belgica see 1st sunrise in 1600 hrs – 1st expedition to endure Antarctic winter
1901 Serbia reactivates diplomatic relations with Montenegro
1901 British House of Lords, in its role as court, rules trade unions can be sued for actions of its members – in Taff Vale Case
1905 Philadelphia Athletic’s Weldon Henley no-hits St Louis Browns, 6-0
1912 Summer (Modern) Olympic Games close in Stockholm, Sweden
1912 In the face of ever-increasing German naval power, the British Admiralty decides to recall British warships from the Mediterranean and base them in the North Sea
1916 A bomb explodes during a Preparedness Day parade in San Francisco killing 10
1917 British bomb German lines at Ypres, 4,250,000 grenades
1918 Lightning kills 504 sheep in Utah’s Wasatch National Park
1919 De Falla & Massine’s “Three-cornered Hat” premieres in London
1921 US Open Men’s Golf, Columbia CC: Englishman Jim Barnes wins the 3rd of his 4 major titles by 9 strokes ahead of runners-up Walter Hagen and Fred McLeod
1922 Cards enter 1st place, marks 1st time both St Louis teams are on top
1923 Washington Senators future Baseball Hall of Fame pitcher Walter Johnson becomes 1st to reach 3,000 career strikeout milestone (en route to 3,508) with 5 K’s in 3-1 win over Cleveland Indians
1923 17th Tour de France won by Henri Pelissier of France
1925 NY Yankees buy future Baseball Hall of Fame shortstop Leo Durocher from Hartford Senators (Eastern League)
1939 Jane Bolin becomes the 1st African American female judge in New York
1940 Dutch Prime minister Dirk Jan De Geer meets Adolf Hitler seeking peace talks
1942 4th Soviet army forms with 80 tanks
1942 Gasoline rationing using coupons begins
1942 Warsaw Ghetto Jews (300,000) are sent to Treblinka Extermination Camp
1943 US forces led by General George S. Patton liberate Palermo, Sicily
1955 Richard Nixon becomes the first US Vice President to preside over a cabinet meeting
1958 US performs atmospheric nuclear Test at Bikini Island
1959 Natural gas found at Slochteren, Groningen, Netherlands
1960 Cuba nationalizes all US-owned sugar factories
1961 WBNB TV channel 10 in Charlotte Amaile, VI (CBS) begins broadcasting
1962 1st US Venus probe, Mariner 1, fails at lift-off
1969 Aretha Franklin arrested for disturbing the peace in Detroit
1971 Sudanese military counter-coup under premier Numeiry
1972 10.84″ (27.53 cm) of rainfall, Fort Ripley, Mn (state 24-hr record)
1972 Venera 8 makes soft landing on Venus1972 2 Catholics are abducted, beaten, and shot dead in a Loyalist area of Belfast
1972 59th Tour de France: Eddy Merckx of Belgium takes 4th consecutive general classification title as well as points and combination events
1983 Dick Smith makes 1st solo helicopter flight around the world
1984 British Open Men’s Golf, St Andrews: Seve Ballesteros of Spain
1984 71st Tour de France won by Laurent Fignon of France
1987 Said Aouita of Morocco sets 5k record (12:58.39) in Rome
1987 Soyuz TM-3 launched with 3 cosmonauts (1 Syrian)
1987 US began escorting re-flagged Kuwaiti tankers in Persian Gulf
1988 500 US scientists pledge to boycott Pentagon germ-warfare research
1994 Military coup in Gambia: President Dawda Jawara flees
1994 Former NFL running back, broadcaster and actor O.J. Simpson pleads “Absolutely 100% Not Guilty” of murder
1997 The first shipments of oil produced from Kazakhstan’s Tengiz field arrive at terminals on the Black Sea for subsequent export through the Bosphoros Strait
2003 Members of 101st Airborne of the United States, aided by Special Forces, attack a compound in Iraq, killing Saddam Hussein’s sons Uday and Qusay, along with Mustapha Hussein, Qusay’s 14-year old son, and a bodyguard
2018 US President Donald Trump threatens Iran in an all-caps tweet of “consequences” in response to speech by Iranian President Hassan Rouhani
