101 BC Battle of Vercellae: Roman army under Gaius Marius defeats the Cimbri in Cisalpine Gaul, ending the Celto-Germanic threat on Italy’s border with over 100,000 Cimbri killed
579 Benedict I ends his reign as Catholic Pope
657 St Vitalian begins his reign as Catholic Pope succeeding Eugene I
762 City of Baghdad founded by Abbasid caliph Al-Mansur, just north of ancient Baghdad
1178 Frederick I (Barbarossa), Holy Roman Emperor, crowned King of Burgundy
1419 First defenestration of Prague: anti-Catholic Hussites, followers of executed reformer Jan Hus, storm Prague town hall and throw the judge, mayor and several city council members out the windows. They die in the fall or killed by crowd outside.
1537 Resistant of Bomy: French/Dutch ceasefire
1601 Spanish garrison of Rhine birch surrenders to Earl Mauritius
1618 Prince Maurits’ troops pull into Utrecht
1619 House of Burgesses Virginia forms, 1st elective American governing body
1646 English parliament sets king Charles I Newcastle Propositions
1650 Prince Willem II occupies Amsterdam
1653 Johan de Witt sworn in as pension advisor of Holland
1655 Dutch troops occupy Fort Assahudi Seram
1678 English troops land in Flanders
1715 Spanish gold and silver fleet disappears off St Lucie, Florida
1729 City of Baltimore founded
1739 Caspar Wistar begins glass manufacturing in Allowaystown, New Jersey
1756 Bartolomeo Rastrelli presents the newly-built Catherine Palace to Empress Elizabeth and her courtiers in Russia
1775 Captain James Cook with Resolution returns to England
1792 500 Marseillaisian men sing France’s national anthem for 1st time
1809 British armed force of 39,000 lands in Walcheren
1811 Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, leader of the Mexican insurgency, is executed by the Spanish in Chihuahua, Mexico
1822 James Varick becomes 1st bishop of African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church
1824 Gioachino Rossini becomes manager of Theatre Italian, Paris
1825 Malden Island is discovered in the central Pacific by British warship HMS Blonde
1826 Java prince Dipo Negoro surprise attacks Dutch colony, 82 killed
1836 First English language newspaper published in Hawaii
1844 1st US yacht club – NY Yacht Club organized by John Cox Stevens and 8 friends aboard the Gimcrack
1863 President Abraham Lincoln issues “eye-for-eye” order to shoot a rebel prisoner for every black prisoner shot
1863 Indian Wars: Chief Pocatello of the Shoshone tribe signs the Treaty of Box Elder, promising to stop harassing the emigrant trails in southern Idaho and northern Utah
1864 Battle of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania – burned by Union forces under McCausland
1864 Battle of Petersburg: General Burnsides fails in an attack on Petersburg in the Battle of the Crater
1865 Pope Pius IX visits Suriname
1866 New Orleans’s Democratic government orders police to raid an integrated Republican Party meeting, killing 40 people and injuring 150
1869 The Charles, considered the world’s first “oil tanker”, departs from the United States headed for Europe with a bulk capacity of 7,000 barrels of oil
1870 Staten Island ferry “Westfield” burns, killing 100
1870 The Republic of Klipdrift is proclaimed by Transvaal President Andries Pretorius after the discovery of diamonds in South Africa in
1866 resulted in a flood of treasure hunters; ownership of the diamond fields was contested by the Boer republics
1872 Mahlon Loomis patents wireless telegraphy
1874 1st baseball teams to play outside US, Boston-Philadelphia in British Isles
1878 German anti-semitism begins during the Reichstag election
1884 Nonpareil Dempsey [John Edward Kelly] fights George Fulljames, possibly the 1st middleweight fight with boxing gloves
1900 British Parliament passes several progressive social acts: a Mines Act, a Workmen’s Compensation Act and a Railway Act
1902 Anti-Jewish rioters attack funeral procession of Rabbi Joseph (NYC)
1905 Dutch Covenant of Worker’s union, NVV, forms
1905 3rd Tour de France won by Louis Trousselier of France
1907 Russia and Japan sign an agreement guaranteeing freedom of China while recognizing each other’s special interests
1907 The Filipinos elect their first legislature; it will meet on 16 October
1907 Starting today, the French bombard Casablanca and land troops to occupy the Atlantic-coast region of Morocco after attacks on foreigners
1908 Around the World Automobile Race ends in Paris
1909 John Heyder becomes president of baseball’s National League
1909 French chemist Eugène Schueller founds L’Oréal with his new range of hair dyes
1911 9th Tour de France won by Gustave Garrigou of France
1913 Conclusion of 2nd Balkan War
1914 Austrian-Hungary & Russia proclaim general mobilization
1914 French troops withdraw 10 km from German border
1914 John French appointed British supreme commander
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