1687 Isaac Newton’s great work Principia published by Royal Society in England, outlining his laws of motion and universal gravitation
1811 Venezuelan Declaration of Independence: 7 provinces declare themselves independent of Spain
1852 Frederick Douglass, fugitive slave, delivers his ‘What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?’ speech to the Ladies’ Anti-Slavery Society in Rochester, condemns the celebration as hypocritical sham
1865 US Secret Service begins operating under the Treasury Department
1994 Amazon.com founded in Bellevue, Washington by Jeff Bezos
2004 First Indonesian presidential election by the people – first round (eventually won by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono)
Today in Film & TV
1954 The BBC broadcasts its first television news bulletin
Today in Sport
2009 Wimbledon Men’s Tennis: Roger Federer beats Andy Roddick of the US 5-7, 7-6, 7-6, 3-6, 16-14 for a record 15th Grand Slam singles title
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