U.S. Sanctions Congo Rebels Over Illegal Mineral Trade

The United States government on Tuesday announced sanctions against an armed faction operating in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), accusing the group of engaging in illegal mineral trade. The move is part of Washington’s broader effort to secure access to vital minerals from the region.

Armed Group PARECO Accused of Forced Labor, Mineral Smuggling

A senior U.S. official, speaking anonymously ahead of the formal declaration, confirmed that both the State Department and the Treasury Department are enacting penalties against the armed group known as PARECO. This militia held control of the strategic Rubaya coltan mining site between 2022 and early 2024.

“During their occupation, PARECO profited from the mining industry by managing operations, collecting unauthorised taxes and fees from miners, smuggling minerals, enforcing forced labour, and executing civilians within their territory,” the official stated.

Sanctions Also Target Congolese Firm and Hong Kong Traders

In addition to targeting PARECO, the sanctions extend to CDMC, a Congolese mining firm alleged to have trafficked minerals illicitly sourced from the Rubaya area. Two Hong Kong-based trading companies—East Rise and Star Dragon—were also sanctioned for purchasing these minerals.

Under the new measures, the U.S. government is freezing any American-based assets belonging to the sanctioned entities and prohibiting all financial dealings with them.

The Rubaya mining site, rich in coltan—a key mineral used in electronics—now falls under the control of the M23 rebel group, which is already under U.S. sanctions. Located in eastern Congo, the area is known for its vast mineral wealth but has long been plagued by instability due to the presence of multiple armed groups and Congolese military forces.

The resurgence of M23, a group believed to be supported by Rwanda, has intensified the violence in the region, exacerbating a dire humanitarian situation.

In June, the United States helped broker a peace agreement between Congo and Rwanda aimed at de-escalating the conflict and facilitating American access to the region’s strategic minerals. As part of ongoing peace efforts, the Congolese government and M23 rebels have committed to signing a comprehensive peace deal by August 18.

However, recent clashes have threatened the fragile truce, with both sides accusing one another of violating the agreement by launching attacks.