Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a collection of symptoms such as cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Most people with IBS can ease symptoms with changes in diet, medicine, and stress relief. For some people, IBS symptoms are more severe. IBS affects more women than men.
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a collection of symptoms such as cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. People with IBS have some of these symptoms — such as cramping and diarrhea or bloating and constipation — for at least 3 months.
IBS can be uncomfortable. But it does not lead to serious disease, such as cancer. It also does not permanently harm the large intestine (colon).
Most people with IBS can ease symptoms with changes in diet, medicine, and stress relief. For some people, IBS symptoms are more severe. They may get in the way of going to work or traveling, even traveling short distances.
Causes Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
The cause of IBS is not known. There is also no cure for IBS, but there are ways to treat the symptoms.
Who is susceptible to IBS
IBS is one of the most common disorders diagnosed by doctors. Up to 20% of adults in the United State have IBS symptoms.
Some people who are more likely to have IBS include, Women, People younger than 50 (IBS usually begins before age 35), People with a family member who has IBS
Symptoms of IBS
IBS is defined as abdominal pain or discomfort, along with a changed bowel habit (such as diarrhea or constipation), for 3 months or more. The symptoms may be different from person to person and it can include:
Cramps or pain in the stomach area
Constipation — infrequent stools that may be hard and dry
Feeling like you haven’t finished a bowel movement
Diarrhea — frequent loose stools
Alternating between diarrhea and constipation
Mucus in the stool
Swollen or bloated stomach area
Gas
Discomfort in the upper stomach area or feeling uncomfortably full or nauseous after eating a normal size meal
Women with IBS may have more symptoms during their menstrual periods.
Diagnosis of IBS
See your doctor if you think you may have IBS. Your doctor will ask you questions about your health, ask about your symptoms, and examine you. He or she may even perform a rectal exam. There are no tests that can show for sure that you have IBS.
Your doctor may also perform medical tests to rule out other diseases if there are have “red flag” symptoms such as:
Rectal bleeding
Weight loss
Anemia (iron deficiency)
Nighttime symptoms, like diarrhea that awakens you
Family history of colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, or celiac disease
Medical tests include a colonoscopy. The doctor looks inside the large intestine by inserting a scope with a tiny camera to spot inflamed tissue, abnormal growths, and ulcers. People over age 50 with IBS symptoms should also have a colonoscopy to screen for colorectal cancer, even if they don’t have any “red flag” symptoms.
A doctor may also perform a blood test to check for celiac disease if you have certain types of IBS. These types are IBS-D (mostly diarrhea) or IBS-M (mixed type with diarrhea and constipation). A doctor may also check for celiac disease if you have bloating or pass a lot of gas.
Lactose intolerance may also be a concern for some people, and can be checked with a breath test.
Treatment of IBS
There is no known cure for IBS, but there are things you can do to feel better and may help in treatment which include:
Changing your diet
Taking medication
Counseling and stress relief
Changing your diet
Foods do not cause IBS, but eating certain food may start some symptoms of IBS. You can ease these symptoms of IBS by changing some eating habits.
Find out which foods triggers these symptoms by taking note of the following
What you eat during the day
What symptoms you have
When symptoms occur
You will want to limit or avoid these foods. Some of these foods may include:
Milk and milk products like cheese or ice cream
Caffeinated drinks like coffee
Carbonated drinks like soda, especially those that contain artificial sweeteners (like sorbitol) or high-fructose corn syrup
Alcohol
Some fruits and vegetables
Other ways to ease symptoms are:
Eating a healthy, balanced diet.
Eating more high-fiber foods such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables (especially for people with constipation). Add foods with fiber to your diet a little at a time to let your body get used to them. High-fiber diets may not help with pain or diarrhea, and may make gas and cramping worse. Check the information on foods such as cereals. You should aim to eat 20 grams of fiber per day.
Drinking 6 to 8 glasses of water a day (especially for people with diarrhea). It is unclear whether this helps IBS symptoms, but it can help treat dehydration that sometimes happens with diarrhea.
Avoiding large meals, which can cause cramping and diarrhea in people with IBS. If this happens to you, try eating 4 or 5 small meals a day. Or, eat less at each of your usual 3 meals.
Taking medication
Your doctor may give you medicine to help with symptoms:
Fiber supplements such as psyllium to help control constipation.
Anti-diarrheal medications, such as loperamide, to help control diarrhea.
Antispasmodic agents such as peppermint oil or dicyclomine to slow contractions in the bowel, which may help with diarrhea and pain.
Antidepressant medications such as a tricylcic antidepressant or a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) if symptoms include pain or depression.
IBS medication. A medication known as Lubiprostone is approved by the FDA for women with severe IBS-C (constipation).
Counseling and stress relief
Many people who seek care for IBS also have anxiety, panic, or depression. Stress is also an issue for people with IBS because it can make the symptoms worse. Research shows that psychological therapy can help ease IBS symptoms. Therapies that can help reduce feelings of stress and anxiety include:
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a short-term treatment that mixes different types of therapies and behavioral strategies. The type of CBT used to treat IBS may focus on managing life stress. Or, it may focus on changing how a person responds to anxiety about IBS symptoms.
Dynamic psychotherapy, an intensive, short-term form of talk therapy. It may focus on in-depth discussions about the link between symptoms and emotions. The therapy may also help people identify and resolve interpersonal conflicts.
Hypnotherapy, where people enter an altered state of consciousness. Visual suggestions are made to imagine pain going away, for example.
General stress relief is also important. Exercising regularly is a good way to relieve stress. It also helps the bowel function better and improves overall health.
