For the first time in its history, Australia’s Liberal Party has selected a woman to lead the party, with Sussan Ley succeeding Peter Dutton, who guided them through a significant electoral defeat.

Ley, associated with the party’s moderate wing, narrowly won the leadership contest against Angus Taylor, who campaigned on reviving conservative principles, securing victory by just four votes.

During the 3 May election, the Liberal-National coalition — which forms the country’s main opposition — endured what many consider to be its most severe loss ever.

Analysts and lawmakers have attributed the poor performance to divisive leadership, a disorganized campaign, and “Trumpian” policies, which particularly distanced women and younger voters.

Ley’s rise to leadership coincided with Prime Minister Anthony Albanese’s formal swearing-in at Government House on Tuesday, following a sweeping win by the Labor Party.

As reported by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Labor has claimed at least 93 seats — gaining an additional 16 — while the Coalition’s representation has dropped to 42 from 58. Several races remain undecided.

Representing the vast regional electorate of Farrer in New South Wales since 2001, Ley has held senior roles across multiple ministries, positioning her among the most seasoned figures in the Liberal Party. She also previously served as deputy under Dutton.

Queensland MP Ted O’Brien, who had overseen the Coalition’s contentious nuclear energy plan, has been chosen to serve as Ley’s deputy.

Ley expressed her commitment to reconnecting the party with the electorate — especially the demographics that felt overlooked.

“We have to have a Liberal Party that respects modern Australia, that reflects modern Australia, and that represents modern Australia. And we have to meet the people where they are,” she said.

Speaking to the press, she confirmed that the party’s election performance would be formally examined — along with its broader platform, including policies on nuclear energy and net-zero emissions.

“I want to do things differently, and we have to have a fresh approach,” she said.

“I committed to my colleagues that there would be no captain’s calls from anywhere by me… that we would work through every single policy issue and canvas the different views and take the time to get it right.”

Following the leadership outcome, Taylor congratulated Ley and emphasized the need for party cohesion.

“Sussan has led a remarkable life and becoming the first woman to lead the Liberal Party is a milestone for Sussan and our party,” he said.

Meanwhile, the Nationals — the Coalition’s junior partner — reaffirmed David Littleproud as their leader on Monday, despite a challenge from a more hardline member.

The new Labor cabinet was also officially instated on Tuesday.

Among the notable reshuffles, former deputy Tanya Plibersek has moved from the environment portfolio to oversee social services, while Michelle Rowland, previously in charge of communications, has been appointed attorney general.

Former Attorney General Mark Dreyfus and Ed Husic — who made history as the first Muslim minister in an Australian government — have both been removed from the frontbench.

“I have got people who are, I think, in the best positions and that’s across the board,” Albanese said when announcing the positions on Monday.

The United Kingdom’s immigration landscape has undergone a seismic shift with the introduction of stringent visa reforms announced by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on May 12, 2025.

Detailed in the Immigration White Paper titled Restoring Control over the Immigration System, these measures aim to curb legal migration in response to record-high net migration levels—906,000 in June 2023 and 728,000 in 2024.

The reforms reverse the post-Brexit liberalization of immigration policies under Conservative governments, particularly the points-based system introduced in 2020, which unexpectedly increased non-EU migration, including from Nigeria.

Nigerians, who accounted for 141,000 arrivals in 2023, are the second-largest group of non-EU migrants to the U.K., with significant numbers entering through work and study visas, especially in the health and social care sector.

However, the policies have sparked concerns about labor shortages, economic impacts, and strained bilateral ties, particularly with Nigeria, a key source of skilled and care workers.

Why Are the New Rules Made?

The new visa rules were introduced to address multifaceted challenges:

• High Net Migration: Net migration far exceeded public expectations post-Brexit, with 906,000 in 2023 and 728,000 in 2024, driven by work, study, and humanitarian visas. The government aims to reduce this by approximately 100,000 annually by 2029.
  
• Public Service Strain: Rapid population growth has overwhelmed housing, healthcare, and education systems, with migration often blamed for exacerbating these pressures.
  
• Political Pressure: Reform UK’s electoral gains in May 2025, capitalizing on anti-immigration sentiment, pushed Labour to adopt a tougher stance to retain voter support without alienating its progressive base.
  
• Economic Rebalancing: The U.K.’s reliance on low-wage foreign labor, particularly in social care and hospitality, has been criticized for undermining domestic training and wages. The reforms aim to incentivize local hiring and skills development.
  
• Border Control Perceptions: The failure to curb small-boat crossings and asylum claims, including by those entering legally on visas, has fueled perceptions of a “broken” immigration system, necessitating stricter controls.
  
• Global Trends: The U.K.’s move aligns with countries like the U.S. and Australia, tightening migration policies to balance economic needs with security and social cohesion.

Key Rules from UK visa

These measures, outlined in the Immigration White Paper, aim to significantly reduce net migration and address public concerns about border control, as detailed in the provided context.

1. Ban on Overseas Care Worker Recruitment: The visa scheme allowing firms to hire health and social care workers from overseas has been scrapped. Employers must now hire British nationals or extend visas for existing overseas workers, expected to reduce annual worker inflows by 7,000 to 8,000.
   
2. Increased Immigration Skills Charge: Employers sponsoring foreign workers will face a 32% hike in the Immigration Skills Charge, with smaller firms paying up to £2,400 and larger firms up to £6,600 per worker, to discourage reliance on overseas labor and fund domestic training.
   
3. Higher Qualification Thresholds for Skilled Worker Visas: The qualification requirement for skilled worker visas reverts to degree-level (from A-level equivalent), making approximately 180 job roles ineligible, reversing liberalizations introduced under Boris Johnson’s government.
   
4. Exemptions for Shortage Sectors: Lower qualification requirements will remain for sectors with long-term labor shortages or those critical to the government’s industrial strategy, though specific roles are pending recommendations from the Migration Advisory Committee.
   
5. Stricter English Language Requirements: All work visa applicants must meet heightened English language proficiency standards, aiming to ensure better integration and reduce low-skilled migration.
   
6. Doubled Settlement Period: The time migrants must live in the U.K. before applying for settled status (indefinite leave to remain) increases from 5 years to 10 years, extending temporary visa periods and delaying permanent residency.
   
7. Fast-Track for High-Skilled Migrants: A new fast-track settlement system will be introduced for “high-skilled, high-contributing” individuals, allowing quicker access to permanent residency for top talent.
   
8. New Tax on International Students: The government plans to explore a tax on every international student enrolled in U.K. universities, with proceeds redirected to fund skills training for British workers, potentially increasing costs for institutions and students.
   
9. Stricter Study Visa Compliance: Colleges must ensure at least 95% of international students start their courses and 90% complete them, imposing tougher thresholds to prevent visa abuse and ensure educational quality, with the Graduate Route shortened to 18 months.
   
10. Limited Refugee Job Scheme: A “limited pool” of refugees and displaced persons recognized by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will be eligible to apply for jobs through existing skilled worker visa routes, creating a controlled pathway for humanitarian migrants.
    
11. Reevaluation of ECHR Article 8: The government will explore amending the application of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to family life) in immigration cases, aiming for a “narrower” interpretation to limit family-based visa approvals, such as in cases like the Palestinian family granted residency on appeal.
    
12. Enhanced Enforcement Measures: Immigration enforcement will be strengthened, with tougher penalties and actions against illegal migration and visa overstays, though specific mechanisms remain under development.
    
13. Employer Hiring Restrictions: Firms will face stricter requirements to train and hire British workers before seeking overseas staff, reducing dependency on foreign labor and aligning with the government’s skills agenda.

These rules collectively aim to tighten the U.K.’s immigration system across work, study, and family visa categories, responding to public and political pressures while addressing economic and social challenges. The Home Office estimates these measures, particularly the eight quantifiable policies, could reduce net migration by approximately 100,000 annually by 2029.

How Will It Affect Nigerians?

The reforms will profoundly impact Nigerians, who form a significant portion of U.K. migrants (141,000 in 2023):

Care Workers Blocked: The ban on overseas care worker recruitment will halt new Nigerian entries into this sector, a major pathway for many. Existing workers can extend visas until 2028, but new applicants are barred, affecting remittances and economic stability for families in Nigeria.

Skilled Workers Restricted: The degree-level requirement and higher Immigration Skills Charge will exclude Nigerians in mid-level roles (e.g., technicians), though healthcare exemptions may help doctors and nurses.

Students Face Barriers: A 6% tuition levy, stricter compliance, and a shortened Graduate Route (18 months) will raise costs and limit job prospects for Nigerian students (65,929 visas in 2022). Many may opt for the U.S. or Canada.

Family Reunification Delayed: Restrictions on dependants and a 10-year settlement period will delay family reunification, affecting Nigerian families’ economic plans.

Asylum Seekers Targeted: Profiling by the Home Office, suspecting Nigerians of visa overstays and asylum claims, will increase visa rejections (1 in 8 in 2023 vs. 1 in 31 in 2022).

Economic Impact: Reduced migration will cut remittances, a lifeline for Nigeria’s economy, potentially fueling unrest among its 33% unemployed youth.

Social and Bilateral Tensions: Profiling raises discrimination concerns, straining Nigeria-U.K. ties. The Nigerian diaspora may push back, but diplomatic efforts face challenges.

What next for Nigerians?

For Nigerians, the U.K.’s rules signal a pivotal moment. Short-term, many will redirect “Japa” ambitions to Canada, Australia, or Ireland, where demand for Nigeria’s skilled workers remains high.

In the U.K., high-skilled Nigerians and existing visa holders will adapt through upskilling or leveraging exemptions, while students face tougher financial choices.

Long-term, Nigeria must invest in domestic opportunities to retain talent, as blocked migration risks fueling unrest among its 33% unemployed youth.

Diplomatic efforts and diaspora advocacy may ease some restrictions, but the U.K.’s profiling of Nigerians raises discrimination concerns, potentially reshaping bilateral ties.

Nigerians’ resilience, seen in their global diaspora’s success, will drive adaptation, but the path forward demands strategic planning and collective action to navigate a less welcoming U.K. landscape.