The World Bank has forecasted that Nigeria’s inflation rate will decline to an average of 22.1% in 2025, crediting the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) firm monetary policy measures aimed at stabilizing prices and curbing inflation expectations.
This projection was shared in a statement released on Monday on the World Bank’s website, coinciding with the unveiling of its latest Nigeria Development Update (NDU) report in Abuja.
Titled “Building Momentum for Inclusive Growth,” the biannual report analyzes recent economic developments, evaluates ongoing policy responses, and outlines strategies to sustain reform efforts and promote inclusive economic progress.
Despite progress in key macroeconomic indicators such as GDP growth, revenue generation, and fiscal consolidation, the report highlights that headline inflation remains a persistent challenge.
“The report notes that although inflation has been high and sticky, it is expected to average 22.1% in 2025 as tight monetary policies continue to strengthen policy credibility and reduce inflation expectations,” the World Bank stated.
The report identified several contributing factors to inflation in recent years, including the removal of fuel subsidies, exchange rate harmonization, rising logistics and energy costs, and recurring disruptions in food supply chains.
Nevertheless, the CBN’s ongoing monetary tightening is beginning to bear fruit, with inflationary pressures anticipated to ease in the coming year.
On a broader scale, Nigeria’s macroeconomic position continues to strengthen. The economy grew by 4.6% year-on-year in Q4 2024, leading to an overall GDP growth of 3.4% for the year—the highest since 2014, excluding the post-COVID rebound.
Fiscal indicators also showed significant improvement. The consolidated fiscal deficit dropped from 5.4% of GDP in 2023 to 3.0% in 2024, while government revenues nearly doubled, rising from N16.8 trillion in 2023 to an estimated N31.9 trillion in 2024, representing 11.5% of GDP.
The World Bank emphasized that this improved fiscal outlook presents a critical opportunity for Nigeria to reprioritize public spending and invest in essential social infrastructure.
“Nigeria has taken commendable steps to restore macroeconomic stability. With an improved fiscal environment, the country is well-positioned to increase both the volume and quality of development spending—especially in human capital, social protection, and infrastructure,” said Taimur Samad, Acting World Bank Country Director for Nigeria.
Samad called for a shift in public spending from unsustainable practices to targeted investments that address development challenges and foster long-term growth.
The report also stressed that sustainable, inclusive growth hinges on boosting productivity in employment-generating sectors. While finance and ICT are among Nigeria’s fastest-growing sectors, their limited capacity to absorb labor has excluded many citizens due to skills gaps and restricted access.
“Global evidence shows that the public sector alone cannot drive sustainable growth and job creation. Nigeria is no exception,” said Alex Sienaert, Lead Economist for Nigeria at the World Bank.
He emphasized the need for the government to not only deliver essential public services but also enable the private sector to invest, innovate, and expand the economy.
The Nigeria Development Update is a key World Bank publication offering regular insights into trends, policy shifts, and risks within Africa’s largest economy.
According to the National Bureau of Statistics, Nigeria’s headline inflation rose to 24.23% in March 2025, up from 23.18% in February, reinforcing the importance of sustained economic reforms.
The United Kingdom’s immigration landscape has undergone a seismic shift with the introduction of stringent visa reforms announced by Prime Minister Keir Starmer on May 12, 2025.
Detailed in the Immigration White Paper titled Restoring Control over the Immigration System, these measures aim to curb legal migration in response to record-high net migration levels—906,000 in June 2023 and 728,000 in 2024.
The reforms reverse the post-Brexit liberalization of immigration policies under Conservative governments, particularly the points-based system introduced in 2020, which unexpectedly increased non-EU migration, including from Nigeria.
Nigerians, who accounted for 141,000 arrivals in 2023, are the second-largest group of non-EU migrants to the U.K., with significant numbers entering through work and study visas, especially in the health and social care sector.
However, the policies have sparked concerns about labor shortages, economic impacts, and strained bilateral ties, particularly with Nigeria, a key source of skilled and care workers.
Why Are the New Rules Made?
The new visa rules were introduced to address multifaceted challenges:
High Net Migration: Net migration far exceeded public expectations post-Brexit, with 906,000 in 2023 and 728,000 in 2024, driven by work, study, and humanitarian visas. The government aims to reduce this by approximately 100,000 annually by 2029.
Public Service Strain: Rapid population growth has overwhelmed housing, healthcare, and education systems, with migration often blamed for exacerbating these pressures.
Political Pressure: Reform UK’s electoral gains in May 2025, capitalizing on anti-immigration sentiment, pushed Labour to adopt a tougher stance to retain voter support without alienating its progressive base.
Economic Rebalancing: The U.K.’s reliance on low-wage foreign labor, particularly in social care and hospitality, has been criticized for undermining domestic training and wages. The reforms aim to incentivize local hiring and skills development.
Border Control Perceptions: The failure to curb small-boat crossings and asylum claims, including by those entering legally on visas, has fueled perceptions of a “broken” immigration system, necessitating stricter controls.
Global Trends: The U.K.’s move aligns with countries like the U.S. and Australia, tightening migration policies to balance economic needs with security and social cohesion.
Key Rules from UK visa
These measures, outlined in the Immigration White Paper, aim to significantly reduce net migration and address public concerns about border control, as detailed in the provided context.
Ban on Overseas Care Worker Recruitment: The visa scheme allowing firms to hire health and social care workers from overseas has been scrapped. Employers must now hire British nationals or extend visas for existing overseas workers, expected to reduce annual worker inflows by 7,000 to 8,000.
Increased Immigration Skills Charge: Employers sponsoring foreign workers will face a 32% hike in the Immigration Skills Charge, with smaller firms paying up to £2,400 and larger firms up to £6,600 per worker, to discourage reliance on overseas labor and fund domestic training.
Higher Qualification Thresholds for Skilled Worker Visas: The qualification requirement for skilled worker visas reverts to degree-level (from A-level equivalent), making approximately 180 job roles ineligible, reversing liberalizations introduced under Boris Johnson’s government.
Exemptions for Shortage Sectors: Lower qualification requirements will remain for sectors with long-term labor shortages or those critical to the government’s industrial strategy, though specific roles are pending recommendations from the Migration Advisory Committee.
Stricter English Language Requirements: All work visa applicants must meet heightened English language proficiency standards, aiming to ensure better integration and reduce low-skilled migration.
Doubled Settlement Period: The time migrants must live in the U.K. before applying for settled status (indefinite leave to remain) increases from 5 years to 10 years, extending temporary visa periods and delaying permanent residency.
Fast-Track for High-Skilled Migrants: A new fast-track settlement system will be introduced for “high-skilled, high-contributing” individuals, allowing quicker access to permanent residency for top talent.
New Tax on International Students: The government plans to explore a tax on every international student enrolled in U.K. universities, with proceeds redirected to fund skills training for British workers, potentially increasing costs for institutions and students.
Stricter Study Visa Compliance: Colleges must ensure at least 95% of international students start their courses and 90% complete them, imposing tougher thresholds to prevent visa abuse and ensure educational quality, with the Graduate Route shortened to 18 months.
Limited Refugee Job Scheme: A “limited pool” of refugees and displaced persons recognized by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) will be eligible to apply for jobs through existing skilled worker visa routes, creating a controlled pathway for humanitarian migrants.
Reevaluation of ECHR Article 8: The government will explore amending the application of Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (right to family life) in immigration cases, aiming for a “narrower” interpretation to limit family-based visa approvals, such as in cases like the Palestinian family granted residency on appeal.
Enhanced Enforcement Measures: Immigration enforcement will be strengthened, with tougher penalties and actions against illegal migration and visa overstays, though specific mechanisms remain under development.
Employer Hiring Restrictions: Firms will face stricter requirements to train and hire British workers before seeking overseas staff, reducing dependency on foreign labor and aligning with the government’s skills agenda.
These rules collectively aim to tighten the U.K.’s immigration system across work, study, and family visa categories, responding to public and political pressures while addressing economic and social challenges. The Home Office estimates these measures, particularly the eight quantifiable policies, could reduce net migration by approximately 100,000 annually by 2029.
How Will It Affect Nigerians?
The reforms will profoundly impact Nigerians, who form a significant portion of U.K. migrants (141,000 in 2023):
Care Workers Blocked: The ban on overseas care worker recruitment will halt new Nigerian entries into this sector, a major pathway for many. Existing workers can extend visas until 2028, but new applicants are barred, affecting remittances and economic stability for families in Nigeria.
Skilled Workers Restricted: The degree-level requirement and higher Immigration Skills Charge will exclude Nigerians in mid-level roles (e.g., technicians), though healthcare exemptions may help doctors and nurses.
Students Face Barriers: A 6% tuition levy, stricter compliance, and a shortened Graduate Route (18 months) will raise costs and limit job prospects for Nigerian students (65,929 visas in 2022). Many may opt for the U.S. or Canada.
Family Reunification Delayed: Restrictions on dependants and a 10-year settlement period will delay family reunification, affecting Nigerian families’ economic plans.
Asylum Seekers Targeted: Profiling by the Home Office, suspecting Nigerians of visa overstays and asylum claims, will increase visa rejections (1 in 8 in 2023 vs. 1 in 31 in 2022).
Economic Impact: Reduced migration will cut remittances, a lifeline for Nigeria’s economy, potentially fueling unrest among its 33% unemployed youth.
Social and Bilateral Tensions: Profiling raises discrimination concerns, straining Nigeria-U.K. ties. The Nigerian diaspora may push back, but diplomatic efforts face challenges.
What next for Nigerians?
For Nigerians, the U.K.’s rules signal a pivotal moment. Short-term, many will redirect “Japa” ambitions to Canada, Australia, or Ireland, where demand for Nigeria’s skilled workers remains high.
In the U.K., high-skilled Nigerians and existing visa holders will adapt through upskilling or leveraging exemptions, while students face tougher financial choices.
Long-term, Nigeria must invest in domestic opportunities to retain talent, as blocked migration risks fueling unrest among its 33% unemployed youth.
Diplomatic efforts and diaspora advocacy may ease some restrictions, but the U.K.’s profiling of Nigerians raises discrimination concerns, potentially reshaping bilateral ties.
Nigerians’ resilience, seen in their global diaspora’s success, will drive adaptation, but the path forward demands strategic planning and collective action to navigate a less welcoming U.K. landscape.
A human rights attorney representing the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB), Ifeanyi Ejiofor, has criticised the Amnesty International report concerning the killings in Okigwe, labelling it “hasty and full of inconsistencies,” and urging for an in-depth, unbiased, and evidence-backed inquiry.
Recently, unidentified gunmen allegedly attacked and killed some travellers along Okigwe Road in Imo State.
The incident has sparked diverse reactions, with many advocating for a comprehensive investigation to identify those behind the attack.
In a statement issued on Tuesday, Ejiofor expressed concerns about the immediate connection made between the killings and IPOB, noting that such conclusions—drawn without thorough fact-checking—raise doubts about the credibility and impartiality of Amnesty International’s findings.
He argued that this method falls short of the high standards typically expected from an internationally respected human rights body.
While condemning the brutal murder of innocent civilians by unknown “heartless” individuals, he urged Nigerian law enforcement agencies to carry out a detailed and prompt probe into the killings and bring those responsible to justice in line with the law.
The statement read, “In light of the recent hasty statement issued by Amnesty International (Nigeria) on the Okigwe killings, it is imperative to underscore the need for a thorough, impartial, and evidence-based investigation.
“The quick attribution of the killings to IPOB, without exhaustive verification, raises serious concerns about the integrity and neutrality of the report.
“It must be unequivocally stated that no individual or authority, regardless of their constitutional powers, is permitted to take another’s life outside the due process enshrined in Section 33 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended). The sanctity of human life must remain inviolable.
“I call on Nigeria’s security agencies to promptly and meticulously investigate these heinous crimes and ensure that those responsible are identified, apprehended, and prosecuted according to the law. “The security agencies should stop paying lip service as they often do, and actually conduct a thorough investigation into these dastardly and wanton killings.”
Ejiofor stated that a closer look at Amnesty International Nigeria’s release revealed several flaws and disturbing oversights, including “questionable sources of casualty figures, premature attribution of blame, potential conflict of interest and ongoing threats in the region.”
He further noted, “Amnesty International Nigeria reported specific casualty figures without disclosing any independent verification sources. “This departs from their well-established protocol, which emphasises independent investigations often taking days or weeks before conclusions are drawn. “While the police acknowledged the attack, they refrained from confirming exact casualty numbers or the real identity of the attackers. Amnesty’s conclusive link to IPOB, therefore, appears speculative and unsubstantiated.
“Concerns have also been raised about the neutrality of the Country Director of Amnesty International Nigeria, who use to hold a political appointment as Special Assistant to the Governor of Yobe State. This dual role casts a shadow over the objectivity of the organisation’s reporting.
“It is a well-known fact that remnants of armed elements loyal to Simon Ekpa continue to destabilise communities across the South-East. While this remains a security concern demanding urgent state intervention, it should not justify rushed attributions of blame without due diligence,” he added.
He emphasised the need for both national and global actors to push for a reliable, impartial, and evidence-based probe into the Okigwe killings.
He maintained that the killing of innocent people should not be politicised or exaggerated, stressing the importance of justice being served transparently, not only to honour the victims but to uphold the principles of law and democracy.
“Only the truth, firmly established through rigorous investigation, can pave the path to justice and lasting peace,” he said.
The Nigerian Federal Government has reiterated its strong dedication to ensuring inclusive, safe, and high-quality education for girls across the country.
This commitment was highlighted by the Honourable Minister of State for Education, Professor Suwaiba Said Ahmad.
The statement was made during a Validation Workshop for a project funded by Japan and implemented through the UNESCO International Institute for Capacity Building in Africa (IICBA).
The project focuses on enhancing teachers’ capacity to support girls’ education in West Africa.
Professor Ahmad emphasized that this initiative aligns with Nigeria’s Education Sector Renewal Initiative (NESRI).
She called upon stakeholders to pinpoint existing gaps and recommend cost-effective approaches to improve teacher skills and promote female leadership within schools.
Dr. Tanko Sununu, the Minister of State for Humanitarian Affairs and Poverty Reduction, also spoke at the event, underscoring the critical role of the teaching profession in nation-building and describing it as a rewarding career.
He commended the partnership between UNESCO IICBA and the Japanese government, noting that investing in human capital, especially through the education of girls, is crucial for Nigeria’s sustainable development and social advancement.
Kozaki Hitoshi, representing the Embassy of Japan, reaffirmed his country’s dedication to promoting inclusive education and empowering teachers as vital agents in ensuring girls have access to schooling.
Dr. Quentin Wodon, Director of UNESCO IICBA, further stressed the project’s significance in strengthening pre-service education tailored for girls.
He acknowledged the potential for the project to make a substantial impact, despite its current scale.
The Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund) has issued a stern warning to its beneficiary institutions, stating that failure to utilize allocated funds judiciously or meet performance standards could lead to their removal from TETFund’s support programs.
This message was delivered by TETFund’s Executive Secretary, Architect Sonny Echono, during a one-day strategic meeting in Abuja with heads of institutions, bursars, and procurement heads from beneficiary institutions.
Echono clarified that this policy aims to protect the integrity and effectiveness of TETFund’s interventions, not to penalize institutions.
He emphasized the Fund’s commitment to ensuring resources are channeled to institutions that uphold high standards of governance, transparency, and accountability.
The primary goal of the strategic engagement, according to Echono, is to tackle ongoing challenges within the tertiary education sector, enhance project implementation, and ultimately improve the quality of education.
He also revealed that the 2025 intervention budget will focus on consolidating gains, ensuring sustainability, and completing previously abandoned projects.
Professor Abdullahi Ribadu, the Executive Secretary of the National Universities Commission (NUC), praised TETFund for organizing the stakeholder meeting.
Represented by Dr. Joshua Atah, Ribadu highlighted the significance of such interactions for assessing the execution and impact of TETFund-supported projects in higher education.
He acknowledged TETFund’s crucial role in advancing infrastructure, research, staff development, and academic quality, suggesting that public education would face significant struggles without its backing.
However, Professor Ribadu also encouraged institutions to be more proactive and ensure that interventions are relevant and implemented efficiently.
The Joint Admissions and Matriculation Board (JAMB) says it will review the 2025 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) results following what it describes as a wave of “unusual complaints” from candidates after the results came out on Friday.
Earlier on Friday, the Board officially released the results to the public. Before the announcement, JAMB also published the official statistics of the results.
According to the agency, it processed a total of 1,955,069 results. Out of this number, only 4,756 candidates (0.24%) scored 320 and above—considered as top-tier performance.
Another 7,658 candidates (0.39%) scored between 300 and 319, bringing the number of those who scored 300 and above to 12,414 (0.63%).
A total of 73,441 candidates (3.76%) scored between 250 and 299, while 334,560 candidates (17.11%) scored between 200 and 249.
The results also show that 983,187 candidates (50.29%) scored between 160 and 199. This score range is often seen as the minimum requirement for admission into many institutions.
Additionally, 488,197 candidates (24.97%) scored between 140 and 159. About 57,419 candidates (2.94%) scored between 120 and 139, 3,820 candidates (0.20%) scored between 100 and 119, while 2,031 candidates (0.10%) scored below 100.
In total, more than 75 per cent of the candidates—around 1.5 million—scored below 200 in the exam, which is marked over 400. Speaking on the performance, JAMB Registrar, Prof. Ishaq Oloyede, said the results are not out of the ordinary and are consistent with trends seen over the past 12 years.
“This is not peculiar to this year. The performance statistics are consistent with those of the last 12 years,” he said.
For instance, in 2024, 76 per cent of UTME candidates scored less than 200. In 2022, 1.3 million out of 1.7 million candidates (78 per cent) scored below 200. In 2021, only 803 out of 1.3 million candidates (0.06 per cent) scored above 300.
The Minister of Education, Dr. Tunji Alausa, also reacted to the results. He said the low performance recorded in the 2025 UTME shows that the government’s efforts to reduce exam malpractice are working, especially within JAMB’s system.
What Will Be The Outcome
In a statement on Monday, JAMB says it is fast-tracking its annual system review. This review is a full analysis of the examination process that usually happens months after the exam.
The review covers three major stages: registration, examination, and the release of results. During the examination stage, JAMB makes sure every candidate gets the chance to write the test. If there are any technical problems, the board reschedules the exam for those affected without delay.
To deal with the current complaints, JAMB says it is working with experts. These include members of the Computer Professionals Association of Nigeria, chief external examiners who lead tertiary institutions, and the Educational Association and Research Network in Africa.
The board states that if it finds any glitches, it will take the right steps to fix them quickly. This move follows widespread complaints from candidates and their families. Many people have gone on social media to question the results and call for a review. Some candidates have rejected their scores, saying the results do not match how they performed in the exam.
Reports also say that over 8,000 candidates have sent in complaints about technical problems they faced during the test.
Nigeria is Africa’s largest economy and one of the world’s leading oil producers, yet a significant portion of its population still lives in poverty. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources such as oil, gas, gold, coal, and limestone and its people are known for their creativity, brilliance, and innovation across industries like music, technology, fashion, and business.
Despite these strengths, millions of Nigerians continue to face daily struggles with unemployment, inflation, and limited access to essential services. While some citizens have managed to thrive and make global impact, many others are left behind, unable to benefit from the nation’s economic potential.
Meanwhile, government policies meant to reduce poverty often face poor planning, weak implementation, and a lack of continuity from one administration to the next. Many of these programs start with strong intentions but fail to deliver lasting impact at the grassroots level.
Nigeria is being poorly managed in many areas, with corruption, mismanagement of public funds, and weak institutions slowing down national progress. Leadership failures and the inability of institutions to enforce transparency and accountability continue to hinder development efforts.
On the other hand, reforms and ongoing efforts in sectors like agriculture, digital innovation, and small business development offer hope for gradual improvement.
As Nigeria navigates its complex economic path, the question remains: can the country unlock its full potential and ensure that its wealth benefits all, not just a few?
Mali’s military-led government has officially suspended all political party activities nationwide, citing concerns over public order.
A government spokesperson announced the decision following a cabinet meeting chaired by junta leader Colonel Assimi Goïta. According to the decree, all political party operations and politically inclined activities by associations are halted “until further notice.”
This move comes after a coalition of over 80 political parties and civil society organizations issued a joint statement on April 1, demanding the prompt organization of presidential elections and a return to civilian rule.
Mali has been under military control since two consecutive coups in 2020 and 2021. The country continues to grapple with insecurity, a deepening humanitarian crisis, and political unrest.
In June 2022, the junta pledged to hold presidential elections in February 2024, with a civilian government expected to take over by March 26. However, the elections were later postponed with no clear timeline provided.
Government spokesperson Colonel Abdoulaye Maiga defended the suspension by referencing unproductive debates during a recent national dialogue. Under military rule, dissent has been heavily suppressed, and opposition groups have faced increasing restrictions.
In March, authorities also banned a newly formed opposition coalition critical of the junta, accusing it of threatening public stability. The group had called for a fresh approach to governance in a nation plagued by extremist violence linked to Al-Qaeda and ISIS since 2012.
According to the United Nations, at least four civil organizations focused on governance, electoral processes, and political opposition have been dissolved in Mali since December 2023.
Since taking power, Mali’s junta has cut ties with traditional allies such as France and the European Union, opting instead to strengthen relations with Russia.
Nigeria’s democracy once hailed as a beacon of hope for West Africa, now finds itself at a critical crossroads. As power continues to concentrate within a single dominant political party, many Nigerians are beginning to ask a troubling question: Is the country sliding into a one-party state?
Since the return to civilian rule in 1999, Nigeria has operated a multiparty system. However, the practical reality has often pointed to the dominance of one political party at a time — first the PDP for 16 years, and now the APC since 2015. With each election cycle, the opposition appears weaker, internal party democracy erodes, and voter apathy increases. This growing imbalance poses a serious threat to the health of Nigeria’s democracy.
A one-party state, whether by design or default, stifles dissent, undermines accountability, and erodes the checks and balances that are vital in a functioning democracy. When the ruling party controls not just the executive arm but also wields disproportionate influence over the legislature, judiciary, security agencies, and electoral bodies, democracy becomes a façade.
Nigeria’s democratic system thrives only when opposition parties are vibrant, ideologically grounded, and able to hold the ruling party to account. Sadly, frequent cases of political defections, electoral manipulation, and a weak civic culture have left the opposition fragmented and ineffective. The line between state and party interests grows increasingly blurred, leaving citizens with fewer real choices at the ballot box.
Yet, the answer to this looming threat does not lie in despair. It lies in the collective awakening of the Nigerian people. Civil society, the media, youth movements, and independent institutions must rise to strengthen democratic values and demand reforms. The opposition must redefine its purpose — not just as an alternative, but as a credible force for national development.
In the end, democracy is not just about elections — it’s about institutions, inclusion, accountability, and justice. Nigeria still has a chance to reverse the tide, but the clock is ticking.
A Kenyan court has sentenced four men—two Belgians, a Vietnamese national, and a Kenyan—to one year in prison or a fine of $7,700 (approximately £5,800) for attempting to smuggle thousands of live queen ants out of the country.
The suspects were arrested last month with over 5,000 live queen ants, believed to be en route to collectors in Europe and Asia. The court heard that the ants, including the highly valuable giant African harvester species, were packed in over 2,000 test tubes with cotton wool to keep them alive for months.
Although the Belgian nationals claimed they were collecting the ants as a hobby and were unaware it was illegal, Magistrate Njeri Thuku emphasized the scale and seriousness of their actions. “Possessing 5,000 queen ants is far beyond a hobby,” she stated, highlighting the environmental risk posed by the illegal insect trade. “The world has already lost many species to greed. This court must protect all creatures, great and small.”
The four men—Lornoy David and Seppe Lodewijckx (both 19, from Belgium), Duh Hung Nguyen (23, Vietnam), and Dennis Ng’ang’a (26, Kenya)—pleaded guilty. The court described Nguyen as a “courier” sent by someone else to collect the ants, while Ng’ang’a acted as a “broker” due to his local knowledge of the species.
David, an ant enthusiast with 10 colonies at home and a member of the Facebook group “Ant Gang,” told the court he had bought 2,500 ants for $200 and was searching for more when he was arrested. Lodewijckx said his interest was scientific and not intended for trafficking.
All three foreign nationals will be deported once they complete their sentence or pay the fine. They have 14 days to appeal the judgment.
The Kenya Wildlife Service (KWS) praised the ruling as a strong stance against wildlife trafficking and a recognition of the ecological importance of insects. “This case sends a clear message that Kenya will aggressively prosecute wildlife crimes, regardless of the species,” said the agency.
KWS also warned of the growing international demand for rare insects and emphasized that protected species like the giant African harvester ants are crucial for soil health and biodiversity.
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