Scotland’s space industry has committed to taking more actions to reduce its impact on the environment.
The newly-published Space Sustainability: A Roadmap for Scotland, external sets out plans to use alternatives to toxic fuels and develop reusable rockets.
The report said Scottish-based manufacturers were already working on “green propellants” for powering small rockets into space.
It said Edinburgh-headquartered Skyrora and Forres-based Orbex were repurposing waste from biodiesel production and using non-recyclable plastics to make fuel.
Skyrora is working towards launching satellites from a spaceport in Shetland, and Orbex from one in Sutherland.
The roadmap also includes a commitment to reduce space debris – fragments of broken old satellites and rockets littering Earth’s orbit.
University of Strathclyde has been working on microsatellites with sensors for detecting and analysing how they fragment during atmospheric re-entry.
Space Scotland’s Environmental Task Force, space strategy firm AstroAgency and Glasgow-based Optimat developed the strategy with funding from Scottish Enterprise.